Cromberge, Peter (1 April 2005). "Polymer rail ties being tested for the mining industry". Mining Weekly . Retrieved 23 September 2010. Wide sleepers: so far, so good!". railone.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2012 . Retrieved 23 December 2011. Bristol Temple Meads to Severn Beach, Filton Abbey Wood, Patchway, Bristol Parkway and Yate (stopping services) (PDF, 452 KB) We include services from other train companies where they cover part or all of our route, except where shown, and in all cases, timetable information is available in both directions. Additionally, some manufacturers utilize pressure treatment processes to enhance the durability and longevity of the ties. This involves injecting preservatives into the wood under high pressure, which not only protects against decay and insect infestation but also helps maintain the dimensions over time.

One common manufacturing process for railroad ties is sawing. This involves cutting the logs into the desired dimensions using large saw blades. The dimensions can be customized according to specific requirements, such as length, width, and height. Edit, do the blades naturally want to spring in so the stretcher stretches them apart to the right distance? Note: The table above is for illustrative purposes only and does not represent an exhaustive list of wood species and their impacts on dimensions.) Traverses béton bi-blocs VDH" (in French). itb-tradetech.com. Archived from the original on 13 July 2011 . Retrieved 23 September 2010. For example, oak and pine are commonly used wood species for railroad ties. Oak is known for its durability and strength, making it ideal for heavy-duty applications. On the other hand, pine is more affordable and widely available, making it a popular choice for lighter loads.Severn Beach and Avonmouth to Bristol Temple Meads and Weston-super-Mare (The Severn Beach line) (PDF, 248 KB) Lancaster, Patricia J. (2001). Construction in Cities: Social, Environmental, Political, and Economic Concerns. CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-7486-3. Development of Comparative Cross-Tie Unit Costs and Values" (PDF). www.rta.org. Prepared for Railway Tie Association by ZETA-TECH Associates, Inc. August 2006. p.4 . Retrieved February 18, 2019. In Europe, the height of railroad ties also varies based on regional standards and requirements. Taller ties are commonly used in high-speed rail systems to enhance stability and minimize vibrations. Lower-profile ties, on the other hand, are used in urban areas where noise reduction is a priority. Length (ft)

The Hedjaz Railroad". The Railroad Gazette. 42 (23): 800. 7 June 1907. ISSN 0097-6679. OCLC 15110419 . Retrieved 23 December 2011. Aside from the environmental benefits of using recycled material, plastic ties usually replace timber ties soaked in creosote, the latter being a toxic chemical, [14] and are theoretically recyclable. [11] However, plastics may shed microplastics and leach other possibly toxic chemicals such as ultraviolet inhibitors. In Europe, the standards for railroad tie dimensions may vary slightly from country to country. However, there are general guidelines that ensure consistency and compatibility within the European railway network. European railroad ties are typically longer than their North American counterparts, with a standard length ranging from 8 to 9 feet. This additional length allows for greater stability and load-bearing capacity, especially on high-speed rail lines. Historically wooden rail ties were made by hewing with an axe, called axe ties, or sawn to achieve at least two flat sides. Severn Beach and Avonmouth to Bristol Temple Meads and Weston-super-Mare (The Severn Beach line) (PDF, 449 KB)

Changes to train times

London to Reading, Newbury, Didcot Parkway, Swindon and Oxford (summary of fast trains) (PDF, 449 KB) a b "Y-Stahlschwelle". Some information derived from a lecture by Prof. Dr.-Ing. Karl Endmann. oberbauhandbuch.de. February 28, 2006. Archived from the original on 14 August 2007 . Retrieved 18 September 2010. London and Oxford to Worcester, Great Malvern and Hereford (The Cotswolds and Malverns line) (PDF, 308 KB) Most services across the country stop between around 01:00 and 05:00 each morning to let the trains have a nap, so it's usually fairly easy to search for the first train of the day using our tool – simply type in your departure (from) and arrival (to) stations and choose a time inside of this morning window. Bristol Temple Meads to Severn Beach, Filton Abbey Wood, Patchway, Bristol Parkway and Yate (stopping services) (PDF, 1 MB)

Grant, H. Roger (2005). The Railroad: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0-313-33079-4. The crosstie spacing of mainline railroad is approximately 19 to 19.5 inches (48 to 50cm) for wood ties or 24 inches (61cm) for concrete ties. The number of ties is 3,250 wooden crossties per mile (2,019 ties/km, or 40 ties per 65 feet) for wood ties or 2,640 ties per mile for concrete ties. [3] [42] [43] Historical usage [ edit ] United Kingdom [ edit ]Rails in the US may be fastened to the tie by a railroad spike; iron/steel baseplates screwed to the tie and secured to the rail by a proprietary fastening system such as a Vossloh or Pandrol which are commonly used in Europe.