Adkins, S.; Foale, M.; Harries, H. Growth and Production of Coconut. Soils, plant growth and crop production. In Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems, Developed under the Auspices of UNESCO; Eolss Publishers: Oxford, UK, 2011; p. 7. Available online: http://www.eolss.net (accessed on 20 January 2022). Pearsall, J., ed. (1999). "Coconut". Concise Oxford Dictionary (10thed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-860287-1. DeMason, D.A. Embryo structure and storage reserve histochemistry in the palm Washingtonia filifera. Am. J. Bot. 1988, 75, 330–337. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] See also: Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia, Austronesian peoples, and Genomics of domestication Chronological dispersal of Austronesian peoples across the Indo-Pacific [46] [47]

When researchers pitted virgin coconut oil against a placebo control, the coconut oil did worse. Not only was there no difference in fat burning, the study subjects ended up hungrier after the coconut oil meal. Coconut oil was less satiating than the same number of calories of a control oil. It turns out coconut oil is just as fattening as other oils in terms of total, belly, or butt/thigh fat and may have adverse metabolic effects.

A system of bamboo bridges and ladders directly connecting the tree canopies are also utilized in the Philippines for coconut plantations that harvest coconut sap (not fruits) for coconut vinegar and palm wine production. [93] [87] In other areas, like in Papua New Guinea, coconuts are simply collected when they fall to the ground. [80] Leach, B.; Foale, M.; Ashburner, G. Some characteristics of wild and managed coconut palm populations and their environment in the Cocos (Keeling) Islands, Indian Ocean. Resour. Crop Evol. 2003, 50, 627–638. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Further information: List of coconut palm diseases The Pacific flying fox ( Pteropus tonganus) feeding on nectar and pollen from coconut flowers in Fiji Adkins, S.W.; Samosir, Y.M.S.; Godwin, I.D. Control of environmental conditions and the use of polyamines can optimise the conditions for the initiation and proliferation of coconut somatic embryos. Curr. Adv. Coconut Biotechnol. 1999, 35, 321–340. [ Google Scholar]

Chan, E.; Elevitch, C.R. Cocos nucifera (coconut). Species Profiles Pac. Isl. Agrofor. 2006, 2, 1–27. [ Google Scholar] According to urban legend, more deaths are caused by falling coconuts than by sharks annually. [182] Historical records Cocos nucifera is a large palm, growing up to 30 metres (100 feet) tall, with pinnate leaves 4–6m (13–20ft) long, and pinnae 60–90 centimetres (2–3ft) long; old leaves break away cleanly, leaving the trunk smooth. [6] On fertile soil, a tall coconut palm tree can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but more often yields less than 30. [7] [8] [9] Given proper care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce their first fruit in six to ten years, taking 15 to 20 years to reach peak production. [10]Flaked or shaved, coconut adds a nice flavor to savory dishes. Its meaty texture and flavor work well in curries, fish stews, rice dishes, or even on breaded shrimp.

It was the main food of adherents of the now discontinued Vietnamese religion Đạo Dừa. [178] Myths and legends The extent of cultivation in the tropics is threatening a number of habitats, such as mangroves; an example of such damage to an ecoregion is in the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán. [79] CultivarsLópez-Villalobos, A.; Dodds, P.F.; Hornung, R. Changes in fatty acid composition during development of tissues of coconut ( Cocos nucifera L.) embryos in the intact nut and in vitro. J. Exp. Bot. 2001, 52, 933–942. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version]