Chomsky's provocative critique of B. F. Skinner, who viewed language as learned behavior, and its challenge to the dominant behaviorist paradigm thrust Chomsky into the limelight. Chomsky argued that behaviorism underplayed the role of human creativity in learning language and overplayed the role of external conditions in influencing verbal behavior. [68] He proceeded to found MIT's graduate program in linguistics with Halle. In 1961, Chomsky received tenure and became a full professor in the Department of Modern Languages and Linguistics. [69] He was appointed plenary speaker at the Ninth International Congress of Linguists, held in 1962 in Cambridge, Massachusetts, which established him as the de facto spokesperson of American linguistics. [70] Between 1963 and 1965 he consulted on a military-sponsored project to teach computers to understand natural English commands from military generals. [71] Markie, Peter (2017). "Rationalism vs. Empiricism". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. ISSN 1095-5054 . Retrieved October 11, 2023. Davis, Martin; Weyuker, Elaine J.; Sigal, Ron (1994). Computability, complexity, and languages: fundamentals of theoretical computer science (2nded.). Boston: Academic Press, Harcourt, Brace. p. 327. ISBN 978-0-12-206382-4– via Internet Archive. The Erdös Number Project". Oakland University. November 21, 2017. Archived from the original on October 22, 2018 . Retrieved December 18, 2017.

Ruiter, J. P. de; Levinson, Stephen C. (October 2010). "A biological infrastructure for communication underlies the cultural evolution of languages". Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 31 (5): 518. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X08005086. hdl: 11858/00-001M-0000-0013-1FE2-5. ISSN 1469-1825. Flint, Anthony (November 19, 1995). "Divided Legacy". The Boston Globe. p.25. ISSN 0743-1791. ProQuest 290754647. Adams, Tim (November 30, 2003). "Noam Chomsky: Thorn in America's side". The Guardian. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008 . Retrieved May 8, 2016. Chomsky's] voice is heard in academia beyond linguistics and philosophy: from computer science to neuroscience, from anthropology to education, mathematics and literary criticism. If we include Chomsky's political activism then the boundaries become quite blurred, and it comes as no surprise that Chomsky is increasingly seen as enemy number one by those who inhabit that wide sphere of reactionary discourse and action.

Power Systems: Conversations on Global Democratic Uprisings and the New Challenges to U.S. Empire (2012)

Noam Chomsky". Contemporary Authors Online. Biography in Context. Detroit, MI: Gale. 2016. Archived from the original on February 14, 2022 . Retrieved July 12, 2019.

Swartz, Aaron (May 15, 2006). "The Book That Changed My Life". Raw Thought. Archived from the original on November 17, 2013 . Retrieved January 8, 2014. Chomsky's contributions span intellectual and world history, including the history of philosophy. [246] Irony is a recurring characteristic of his writing, such as rhetorically implying that his readers already know something to be true, which engages the reader more actively in assessing the veracity of his claims. [247] Personal life Wasserman and Chomsky in 2014 Hjelmslev 1969 Prolegomena to a Theory of Language. Danish original 1943; first English translation 1954. Lyons 1978, p.6; Barsky 1997, pp.96–99; Sperlich 2006, p.41; McGilvray 2014, p.5; MacCorquodale 1970, pp.83–99.Campbell 2005: "Noam Chomsky, the linguistics professor who has become one of the most outspoken critics of US foreign policy, has won a poll that names him as the world's top public intellectual." Koerner, E. F. K. (1983). "The Chomskyan 'revolution' and its historiography: a few critical remarks". Language & Communication. 3 (2): 147–169. doi: 10.1016/0271-5309(83)90012-5. Baroni, M.; Callegari, L., eds. (1982). Musical grammars and computer analysis. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki Editore. pp.201–218. ISBN 978-882223229-8. Nettelfield, Lara J. (2010). Courting Democracy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521763806. Archived from the original on August 16, 2021 . Retrieved August 30, 2019. Noam Chomsky, (born December 7, 1928, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.), American theoretical linguist whose work from the 1950s revolutionized the field of linguistics by treating language as a uniquely human, biologically based cognitive capacity. Through his contributions to linguistics and related fields, including cognitive psychology and the philosophies of mind and language, Chomsky helped to initiate and sustain what came to be known as the “cognitive revolution.” Chomsky also gained a worldwide following as a political dissident for his analyses of the pernicious influence of economic elites on U.S. domestic politics, foreign policy, and intellectual culture. Life and basic ideas