Crying " No taxation without representation", the colonists refused to pay the taxes as tensions escalated in the late 1760s and early 1770s. The Articles of Confederation were ratified as the governing law of the United States, written to limit the powers of the central government in favor of state governments.

After defeating France, the British government imposed a series of taxes, including the Stamp Act of 1765, rejecting the colonists' constitutional argument that new taxes needed their approval. By 3,000 BCE, corn was being grown in the valleys of Arizona and New Mexico, followed by primitive irrigation systems and early villages of the Hohokam. A later migration identified by linguists, anthropologists, and archeologists occurred around 8,000 BCE.

Other religious groups in the region are Hinduism, Islam, Rastafari (in Jamaica), and Afro-American religions such as Santería and Vodou.

Watson Brake is an 11-mound complex in Louisiana that dates to 3,500 BCE, and nearby Poverty Point, built by the Poverty Point culture, is an earthwork complex that dates to 1,700 BCE.

In 1976 Guatemala was hit by a major earthquake, killing 23,000 people; Managua, the capital of Nicaragua, was devastated by earthquakes in 1931 and 1972, the last one killing about 5,000 people; three earthquakes devastated El Salvador, one in 1986 and two in 2001; one earthquake devastated northern and central Costa Rica in 2009, killing at least 34 people; in Honduras a powerful earthquake killed seven people in 2009. Its magnetic anomalies are very similar to the Sudbury Basin, and so it could be a second metal-rich impact crater. S. Geographical Survey (USGS) states that the geographic center of North America is "6 miles [10 km] west of Balta, Pierce County, North Dakota" at about 48°10′N 100°10′W / 48. Britain responded to defeat in the northern theater by advancing in the southern theater, beginning with the Capture of Savannah in 1778.

These apartment-like structures were often built into cliff faces, as seen in the Cliff Palace at Mesa Verde. The classic stage followed the Archaic period, and lasted from approximately the 6th to 13th centuries. The national government emerged much stronger, and gained explicit duty to protect individual rights. In the 1660s, the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey, and Delaware were established in the former Dutch New Netherland, and were characterized by a large degree of ethnic and religious diversity.Native groups also are classified by their language families, which included Athapascan and Uto-Aztecan languages. This appeal to the Crown had no effect, though, and so the Second Continental Congress was convened in 1775 to organize the defense of the colonies against the British Army. However, the effects of new Eurasian diseases carried by the colonists, especially smallpox and measles, were much worse for the Native Americans, as they had no immunity to them.

New Netherland left an enduring legacy on American cultural and political life of religious tolerance and sensible trade in urban areas and rural traditionalism in the countryside (typified by the story of Rip Van Winkle). By the 18th century, the American colonies were growing very rapidly as a result of low death rates along with ample supplies of land and food. S.–Middle East Free Trade Area between numerous Middle Eastern nations and itself; and the Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership between Southeast Asian nations, Australia, and New Zealand. Beginning in 1000 AD, the Norse were the first Europeans to begin exploring and ultimately colonizing areas of North America. Common people became insurgents against the British even though they were unfamiliar with the ideological rationales being offered.The Anglophone Caribbean states have witnessed and participated in the decline of the British Empire and its influence on the region, and its replacement by the economic influence of Northern America in the Anglophone Caribbean. The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers in the aftermath of World War II.