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a b Roger Graham Barry; Andrew Mark Carleto (2001). Synoptic and dynamic climatology. Psychology Press. pp.520–521. ISBN 978-0-415-03115-8. Archived from the original on 2022-05-02 . Retrieved 2011-03-06. National Institute of Informatics. (2019). Digital Typhoon: Typhoon 199119 (MIREILLE) - Disaster Information. [online] Available at: http://agora.ex.nii.ac.jp/cgi-bin/dt/dsummary.pl?id=199119&basin=wnp&lang=en [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019]. Typhoons are generally stronger than hurricanes. This is because of warmer water in the western Pacific which creates better conditions for development of a storm. This unlimited amount of warm water also makes for increased frequency of typhoons. Even the wind intensity in a typhoon is stronger than that of a hurricane but they cause comparatively lesser loss due to their location. However, both use the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale for classification. When it comes to hurricanes vs. typhoons, the differences are minimal and the similarities abundant. Find out more about these aggressive weather phenomena by reading more. Tropical cyclones that occur within the Northern Hemisphere to the east of the anti-meridian, are officially monitored by either the National Hurricane Center or the Central Pacific Hurricane Center. [1] Within the region a tropical cyclone is defined to be a warm cored, non-frontal synoptic disturbance, that develops over tropical or subtropical waters, with organized atmospheric convection and a closed well defined circulation centre. [1] The region also defines a subtropical cyclone as a non-frontal low pressure disturbance, that has the characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones. [1] Once either of these classifications are met, then advisories are initiated and the warning centers will classify the system as either a tropical or subtropical depression, if the one-minute sustained winds estimated or measured as less than 34kn (39mph; 63km/h). [1]
Similar statistical analysis of NASA radar precipitation data to calculate a rainfall return period for Nagano prefecture and Koriyama city shows that both have an estimated return period of 50 years. The greater Tokyo region has an estimated return period of approximately 1,500 years or greater (Table 1). Typhoon Hagibis carried with it a large volume of warm moisture, resulting in unprecedented rainfall across a third of Japan (Figure 1). In some areas, it was reported that approximately 30-40% of annual rainfall fell within 24 to 48 hours (Yotsumoto, 2019). In the future, climate change is likely to result in an observable increase in the intensity of hurricanes and typhoons (Normille, 2019). In addition, several major cities in Japan, including Nagoya, Osaka and Tokyo are now located below sea level, causing them to be vulnerable to stronger storms and typhoons of higher intensities (Normille, 2019). To mitigate impacts from future storms, it will be crucial to invest in engineering methods and disaster management measures such as evacuation planning. Historically, the term great hurricane was used to describe storms that possessed winds of at least 110 knots (130mph; 200km/h), large radii (over 160km / 100 mi) and that caused large amounts of destruction. This term fell into disuse after the introduction of the Saffir–Simpson scale in the early 1970s. [5] Figure 1: Total rainfall recorded across a 4-day period between 9 October – 13 October 2019. The total rainfall is based on daily precipitation data collected by NASA’s Precipitation Measurement Missions. (Data source: NASA PPM, 2019) (JBA Risk Management Limited™)Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (2011). "Products and Service Notice". United States Navy. Archived from the original on 2017-06-09 . Retrieved 2011-03-11.
Japan Times. 2019. In Pictures: The chaotic aftermath of Typhoon Hagibis. [online] 13 October 2019. Available at: https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2019/10/13/national/photo-gallery-typhoon-hagibis/#.XaRSwFVKhhF [14 October 2019] Any tropical cyclone that develops within the Southern Hemisphere between Africa and 90°E is monitored by Météo-France's La Réunion tropical cyclone centre (MFR, RSMC La Réunion). [22]
Cervantes, Ding (May 16, 2015). "Pagasa bares 5 new storm categories". ABS-CBN . Retrieved May 20, 2015.
Catastrophic damage will occur: Well-built framed homes can sustain severe damage with loss of most of the roof structure and/or some exterior walls. Most trees will be snapped or uprooted and power poles downed. Fallen trees and power poles will isolate residential areas. Power outages will last weeks to possibly months. Most of the area will be uninhabitable for weeks or months. Record rains in south". The China Post. 2009-08-09. Archived from the original on 2009-08-12 . Retrieved 2009-08-09. Insurance Business Mag, 2019. [online] Insurance Business. Available at: https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/asia/news/breaking-news/crawford-releases-update-on-typhoon-hagibis-damage-in-japan-180489.aspx [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019]. Due to Typhoon Hagibis, 85 fatalities and 9 missing people were reported at the time of writing (NHK, 2019).
Hurricanes vs. Typhoons: What's the Difference?
EM-DAT. (2019). EM-DAT | The international disasters database. [online] Available at: https://www.emdat.be/index.php [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019]. Disaster Management Japan, (2019). [pdf] Disaster Management Japan. Available at: http://www.bousai.go.jp/updates/r1typhoon19/pdf/r1typhoon19_05.pdf [Accessed 24 Oct. 2019].
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