Electronic Cigar | Rechargeable E Cigar | 3 x Gold Cigar Flavour Ecigar | e Shisha Kit | Electronic Cigarette | USB Charging

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Regulation of e-cigarettes varies across countries and states, ranging from no regulation to banning them entirely. [308] For instance, e-cigarettes containing nicotine are illegal in Japan, forcing the market to use heated tobacco products for cigarette alternatives. [309] Others have introduced strict restrictions and some have licensed devices as medicines such as in the UK. [159] However, as of February 2018 [update], there is no e-cigarette device that has been given a medical license that is commercially sold or available by prescription in the UK. [310] As of 2015 [update], around two thirds of major nations have regulated e-cigarettes in some way. [311] Nicotine is a parasympathomimetic stimulant [205] that binds to and activates nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, [149] which subsequently causes the release of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine, acetylcholine, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamate, endorphins, [206] and several neuropeptides, including proopiomelanocortin-derived α-MSH and adrenocorticotropic hormone. [207] Corticotropin-releasing factor, Neuropeptide Y, orexins, and norepinephrine are involved in nicotine addiction. [208] Continuous exposure to nicotine can cause an increase in the number of nicotinic receptors, which is believed to be a result of receptor desensitization and subsequent receptor upregulation. [206] A 2014 review found "In addition to the uniqueness of the liquid compositions in each brand, inconsistency of both the device performance properties and the data collection methodologies used by researchers contribute to the observed variation in constituent levels and to the range of particle size distributions among products." [2]

Pax Labs has developed vaporizers that heats the leaves of tobacco to deliver nicotine in a vapor. [408] [409] In June 2015, they introduced Juul a type of e-cigarette which delivers 10 times as much nicotine as other e-cigarettes, equivalent to an actual cigarette puff. [385] Juul was spun off from Pax Labs in June 2017 and is now available by the independent company Juul Labs. [410] The eTron 3T from Vapor Tobacco Manufacturing, launched in December 2014, [411] employs a patented, aqueous system whereby the tobacco is extracted into water. [412] The e-liquid contains organic tobacco, organic glycerin, and water. [411] France's e-cigarette market was estimated by Groupe Xerfi to be €130 million in 2015. [393] Additionally, France's e-liquid market was estimated at €265 million. [393] In December 2015, there were 2,400 vape shops in France, 400 fewer than in March of the same year. [393] Industry organization Fivape said the reduction was due to consolidation, not to reduced demand. [393] Environmental impact Tobacco product wasteOther motivations include reduced odor and fewer stains. [58] E-cigarettes also appeal to technophiles who enjoy customizing their devices. [58] Gateway theory Harm reduction refers to any reduction in harm from a prior level. [117] Harm minimization strives to reduce harms to the lowest achievable level. [117] When a person does not want to quit nicotine, harm minimization means striving to eliminate tobacco exposure by replacing it with vaping. [117] E-cigarettes can reduce smokers' exposure to carcinogens and other toxic chemicals found in tobacco. [4] Dan Nosowitz (5 June 2015). "America's First Certified Organic E-Cigarette Vaping Liquid Is Here". Modern Farmer. Another common chemical found in e-cigarettes is ketene. When it enters the lungs after inhaled, this chemical causes damage to the cellular structure of lung tissue causing the cells to not function at maximum capacity and not absorb gasses as readily. This can cause shortness of breath which can lead to other health conditions such as tachycardia and respiratory failure. E-cigarette users who use devices that contain nicotine are exposed to its potentially harmful effects. [92] Baenziger, Olivia; Ford, Laura; Yazidjoglou, Amelia; Joshy, Grace; Banks, Emily (2021). "E-cigarette use and combustible tobacco cigarette smoking uptake among non-smokers, including relapse in former smokers: umbrella review, systematic review and meta-analysis". BMJ Open. 11 (3): e045603. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045603. ISSN 2044-6055. PMC 8011717. PMID 33785493.

Wang, Meng; Wang, Jian-Wei; Cao, Shuang-Shuang; Wang, Hui-Qin; Hu, Ru-Ying (2016). "Cigarette Smoking and Electronic Cigarettes Use: A Meta-Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 13 (1): 120. doi: 10.3390/ijerph13010120. ISSN 1660-4601. PMC 4730511. PMID 26771624. a b c d Cheng, T. (2014). "Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes". Tobacco Control. 23 (Supplement 2): ii11–ii17. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2013-051482. ISSN 0964-4563. PMC 3995255. PMID 24732157. In 2014, dollar sales of customizable e-cigarettes and e-liquid surpassed sales of cigalikes in the US, even though, overall, customizables are a less expensive vaping option. [379] In 2014, the Smoke-Free Alternatives Trade Association estimated that there were 35,000 vape shops in the US, more than triple the number a year earlier. [380] However the 2015 slowdown in market growth affected VTMs as well. [365] Hon Lik registered a patent for the modern e-cigarette design in 2003. [260] Hon is credited with developing the first commercially successful electronic cigarette. [264] The e-cigarette was first introduced to the Chinese domestic market in 2004. [259] Many versions made their way to the US, sold mostly over the Internet by small marketing firms. [259] E-cigarettes entered the European market and the US market in 2006 and 2007. [196] The company that Hon worked for, Golden Dragon Holdings, registered an international patent in November 2007. [265] The company changed its name to Ruyan (如烟, literally "like smoke" [259]) later the same month, [266] and started exporting its products. [259]

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A popular vaporizer named Juul was widely used by American young people until 2022, when the FDA banned its products from sale. [111] [112] Close to 80% of respondents in a 2017 Truth Initiative study aged 15–24 reported using Juul also used the device in the last 30 days. [113] In the 2010s, US teenagers used the verb "Juuling" to describe vaping, [114] and Juuling was the subject of widespread memes on social media. [115] Harm reduction Effects of vaping, compared to tobacco smoking [116]