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Resistance against the Niafarang Project in Senegal (EDC15) utilizes language of sacredness. The local Jola ethnic group consider that “ the land is sacred. God gave us this land. The Jola do not sell land” (Fent, 2020, p. 892). In the case of the Rio Tinto/QMM in Madagascar (EDC11), land rights are intricately tied to cultural practices and possession of land itself is based upon the location of tombs of ancestors (Seagle, 2012). Here, the sands in dispute are important cultural landscapes, including tombs of several local ethnic groups (Huff, 2016). The local word tanindrazana—which means territory, literally translates as “land owned by the ancestors” (Seagle, 2012). People involved in the resistance movement state that “ land cannot be viewed as a solely economic asset; it is also an existential anchor to past, present and future generations. Connecting to the ancestors (drazana), upholding customary knowledge (fomba) and carrying out labour activities are all tied to everyday land use practices” (Seagle 2012, p. 455). In the Fairbreeze project in South Africa, mining operations are expected to destroy or degrade over 60 km 2 of beautiful local dune systems which serve as both an important cultural and aesthetic role for the local communities as well as are the primary means of livelihood sustenance through the tourism industry (EDC18). In Tamil Nadu, India, mining operations resulted in the destruction of beautiful dune systems due to mining operations which eventually left large open sand pits (EDC5). Ehrenfeld, J. R. ( 1997). Industrial ecology: A framework for product and process design. Journal of Cleaner Production, 5( 1-2), 87– 95. The asymmetric power of national or multinational mining corporations, the State or regionally powerful mining companies, allows HSM extraction to lead to the displacement of local communities. This results in the dispossession from land and ecosystems, and sometimes involves compensation or allocation of different—often less productive lands. In Kerala, India, by 2019, close to 1497 families in Ponmana village had been displaced due to loss of livelihoods due to reduction of fish and crab populations. By 2020, an estimated 6000 families had vacated the region (EDC6). In the case of Kwale Base Resource operations in Kenya, the project initially required the displacement of 5000 indigenous Digo and Kamba people from their ancestral lands. In the planned expansion of the mining operations in 2023, further displacement and dispossession of local residents of the Magaoni community from their ancestral lands is expected to occur (EDC9). 5.3 Implications on cultural and aesthetic ecosystem values EJAtlas. ( 2019g). Project Grande Côte for zircon and ilmenite mining, Senegal. https://ejatlas.org/conflict/diogo-zircon-mining-niayes-senegal

Our analysis shows that HSM mining operations have been found to result in severe ecological degradation and lead to significant ecosystem transformations. HSMs—by virtue of their formation and accumulation, are located in coastal regions (Van Gosen etal., 2014, 2018), which are already areas of high vulnerability to effects of climate change, for example, sea level rise and extreme precipitation events. In coastal regions, beaches, sand bars or dunes can either provide protection against tsunamis or climate change induced extreme weather events, or provide protection against incursion of saline sea water (Hanley et al, 2014). As such, where these ecosystems are also HSM deposits, their destruction can lead to exposure of communities to climate-change-based vulnerabilities. Moreover, in many cases these regions are unique ecosystems which are rich in biodiversity such as mangroves (e.g., EDC20), wetlands, and coastal forests and have important ecological functions, as well as beautiful landscapes (e.g., EDC6, 11, 13), often with endemic species (EDC20, EDC19; Healy 2022), and great aesthetic values (e.g., EDC1). Large-scale mining operations in such regions has resulted in degradation of both marine and coastal ecosystems (e.g., EDC6; EDC7); destabilizing of dunes can result in increased sea water incursion and exposure to extreme weather events (e.g., EDC12); and biodiversity loss as a result of ecological degradation or changes can have significant negative livelihood impacts on local ecosystem-dependent populations (e.g., EDC19). Of the 24 EDCs analyzed, the presence of serious ecological degradation and ecosystem transformations as one main cause of contestations can be identified in not less than 20 cases. Ironsand is placer mined from Waikato North Head. 1.2 million tonnes is used by New Zealand Steel to create steel, in a unique manufacturing process. Mining at Taharoa produces up to 4 million tonnes for export. A previous mine existed at Waipipi in South Taranaki. A proposal by Iron Ore NZ Ltd. for further ironsand mining off the coast of Taranaki faced resistance from some Māori and others in 2005 in the wake of the New Zealand foreshore and seabed controversy. [32] A large quantity of it is shipped to China and Japan, but by 2011 New Zealand's sole manufacturing plant was producing 650,000 metric tons of steel and iron per year. [33] New Zealand is the only country to use ironsand for industrial smelting. [34] The typical composition of the magnetite is 82% iron oxide, 8% titanium dioxide and 8% silica; 0.015% sulfur, and 0.015% phosphorus. In 100% concentrations of magnetite this had a maximum potential to yield ~ 58% metallic iron, although the titanium is unrecoverable by modern techniques. [35] United States [ edit ]When Sasori made the Kazekage into a puppet, he drenched the sand in poison, making it more lethal in battle. Featuring a relatively heavy 126g True Temper Dynamic Gold steel shaft, the club feels slightly heavier in hand and, during the swing, the extra weight gave us more control. It's worth noting that it does come in a graphite shaft option for a lighter feel. There is very little to fault in this comprehensive range of performance RTX 6 ZipCore wedges from Cleveland. It has every option covered and the balance, bounce and grip from the RTX 6 means it is one of the best Cleveland wedgesaround. Demon Slayer recruits choose their own ore after successfully passing the Final Selection. The ore will then be used by a swordsmith of the Swordsmith Village during the forging process, and the swordsmith will personally bring the weapon to the Demon Slayer. The Mizuno S23 wedges are intended to have an effective long lifespan with quad cut milled grooves (which are loft specific) cut into Boron infused 1025 mild carbon steel.What's more, these Micro Grooves are laser etched to release moisture and reduce spin drop off in wet conditions and we found that we still got plenty of grab when the face was clearly wet and when playing from wet bunkers.

Moss control– From experience, I know that iron is one of the best ways to kill, control and prevent moss and is also fast-acting, so you can expect results in days, not weeks.Agusdinata, D. B., Liu, W., Eakin, H., & Romero, H. ( 2018). Socio-environmental impacts of lithium mineral extraction: Towards a research agenda. Environmental Research Letters, 13( 12), 123001. These weapons can only be traded for or dropped by their users. Most of these weapons belong to the Hashira with the exception of a few, and cannot be crafted. Some of them have same breathing styles as the base swords but have extra forms and higher dmg lvls. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia. Ironsand has a tendency to heat up in direct sunlight, causing temperatures high enough to cause minor burns. As such it forms a hazard in New Zealand at popular west-coast surf beaches such as Piha. [2] Occurrence [ edit ]