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Mazzino Montinari, Friedrich Nietzsche (1974; transl. in German in 1991, Friedrich Nietzsche. Eine Einführung., Berlin-New York, De Gruyter; and in French, Friedrich Nietzsche, PUF, 2001, p.121 chapter "Nietzsche and the consequences" Young, Julian (2010). Friedrich Nietzsche: A Philosophical Biography. Cambridge University Press. p. 358 Nietzsche believed that if socialist goals are achieved, society would be leveled down and conditions for superior individuals and higher culture would disappear. [84] In Twilight of the Idols he wrote:

He opposed the "rule of mandarins", solving conflicts by arbitration instead of war, [152] and encouraged the military development of Europe. [153] He proposed conscription, polytechnic military education and the idea that all men of higher classes should be reserve officers in addition to their civilian jobs. [154] In The Will to Power he wrote: Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 711-745 Richter, Jean Paul Friedrich (1897). The Dead Christ Proclaims That There Is No God. Translated by Ewing, Alexander. London: George Bell and Sons. When the instincts of a society ultimately make it give up war and renounce conquest, it is decadent: it is ripe for democracy and the rule of shopkeepers. In the majority of cases, it is true, assurances of peace are merely stupefying draughts. [151]Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 638-639 In this chapter, I examine three recent accounts of Nietzschean nihilism: those of Van Tongeren ( Friedrich Nietzsche and European Nihilism. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2018), Reginster ( The Affirmation of Life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006), and Huddleston ( Philosopher’s Imprint 19 (11): 1–19, 2019). Though each of these accounts serves as a crucial addition to the scholarship on Nietzschean nihilism, I argue below that none of them, taken alone, offers a wholly satisfying account of that in which Nietzschean nihilism consists. While Reginster and Van Tongeren each offer an account illuminating a particular form of Nietzschean nihilism, thus construing the problem of nihilism too narrowly, Huddleston’s account is overly broad. By aiming to offer “a unifying thread linking together the main forms of nihilism [Nietzsche] targets,” Huddleston succeeds at presenting an accurate and somewhat illuminating answer, but fails to offer a sufficiently robust account. Thus, his interpretation requires supplementing. Holub, R. C. (2018) Nietzsche in the Nineteenth Century: Social Questions and Philosophical Interventions. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. p. 306 Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 561-562 Despite having a relatively short career than most (but an absolutely brilliant one), Nietzsche had published numerous major works that impacted the late 19th century and throughout the whole of 20th (even in the 21st).

Katsafanas, Paul. 2015. “Fugitive Pleasure and the Meaningful Life: Nietzsche on Nihilism and Higher Values.” Journal of the American Philosophical Association 1 (3): 396–416. Holub, R. C. (2018) Nietzsche in the Nineteenth Century: Social Questions and Philosophical Interventions. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018. p. 37-38 One can promise actions, but not feelings, for the latter are involuntary. He who promises to love forever or hate forever or be forever faithful to someone is promising something that is not in his power.” Friedrich Nietzsche Anyone who has declared someone else to be an idiot, a bad apple, is annoyed when it turns out in the end that he isn’t. There is always some madness in love. But there is also always some reason in madness. He who has a why to live can bear almost anyhow. I was in darkness, but I took three steps and found myself in paradise. The first step was a good thought, the second, a good word; and the third, a good deed. One must still have chaos in oneself to be able to give birth to a dancing star. Love is blind; friendship closes its eyes. Man is the only animal that must be encouraged to live. Withoutmusic, life wouldbe amistake. The German even imagines Godassinging songs. Inindividuals,insanity is rare;but in groups, parties,nations, and epochs,it is the rule. The demand to be loved is the greatest of all arrogant presumptions. There are no facts, only interpretations. We have art so that we shall not die of reality. In loneliness, the lonely one eats himself; in a crowd, the many eat him. Now choose. He who climbs upon the highest mountains laughs at all tragedies, real or imaginary. The surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently. One repays a teacher badly if one always remains nothing but a pupil. 35 Deep Friedrich Nietzsche Quotes to Ruminate OverHe defines nihilism as “the belief that all values are baseless and that nothing can be known or communicated.” He argues that this belief arises from the realization that existence is without meaning or purpose. Gemes, Ken. 2008. “Nihilism and the Affirmation of Life: A Review of and Dialogue with Bernard Reginster.” European Journal of Philosophy 16 (3): 459–466.

Dombowsky, D., Cameron, F. (2008) Political Writings of Friedrich Nietzsche: An Edited Anthology. Palgrave Macmillan, 2008. p. 240 Nietzsche was an advocate of European colonialism, seeing it as a way to solve the overpopulation problem, pacify the rebellious working class, and rejuvenate the decadent European culture. European expansion and global domination were part of his "great politics". He noted that in colonies, Europeans often act as ruthless conquerors, unconstrained by Christian morality and democratic values, which he saw as a liberated, healthy instinct. [143] He had even shown some initial interest in his brother-in-law's colonial project in Paraguay, Nueva Germania, despite the huge political differences between them, and for a while in the mid-1880s also considered migrating to a Swiss colony in Oaxaca, Mexico. [144] He was especially interested in climate differences, believing that Northern Europe is an unhealthy habitat which stunts cultural development; similar ideas, often very radical and unrealistic, were also held by Wagner and many of his followers. [145] For him, nihilism is not simply a negative attitude or outlook, but rather a philosophical position that questions the very foundations of knowledge and existence. Dombowsky, D. (2014) Nietzsche and Napoleon: The Dionysian Conspiracy. University of Wales Press 2014. p. 111 People who live in an age of corruption are witty and slanderous; they know that there are other kinds of murder than by dagger or assault; they also know that whatever is well said is believed.” Friedrich Nietzsche There’s no defense against stupidity. And those who were seen dancing were thought to be insane by those who couldn’t hear the music. Invisible threads are the strongest ties. He who cannot obey himself will be commanded. That is the nature of living creatures.

Losurdo, D. (2002) Nietzsche, the Aristocratic Rebel: Intellectual Biography and Critical Balance-Sheet. Brill, 2020. p. 574