Codival ADP (Oregano Emulsion) 60Pearls 300g

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The dried herb oregano is typically fine for pregnant women, but generally speaking, it’s not considered safe to use oregano oil during pregnancy. When using oil of oregano, pregnant women should use caution and only use if instructed by their physicians to do so. Tarko, T.; Duda-Chodak, A. Influence of food matrix on the bioaccessibility of fruit polyphenolic compound. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2020, 68, 1315–1325. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Fernandez-Ochoa, A.; Borras-Linares, I.; Perez-Sanchez, A.; Barrajon-Catalan, E.; Gonzalez-Alvarez, I.; Arraez-Román, D.; Micol, V.; Segura-Carretero, A. Phenolic compounds in rosemary as potential source of bioactive compounds against colorectal cancer: In situ absorption and metabolism study. J. Funct. Food 2017, 33, 202–210. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] To improve the antibacterial effect of thymol, different nanocarriers have been developed. An example is that of biodegradable PLA NPs developed by Marcet et al. (2018). PLA was found to be the key variable in optimizing NP preparation in terms of size and encapsulation efficiency, producing NPs with high storage stability at several pHs and improved antimicrobial properties compared to non-encapsulated thymol. In other studies, thymol was loaded into intrinsic antibacterial chitosan silver NPs showing interesting antioxidant properties through radical scavenging and antibacterial activity due to the three components against different gram-positive bacterial strains ( Manukumar et al., 2017). Conclusions This homemade Italian dressing recipe is incredibly simple. The flavor is zesty and bright, full of garlic, white wine vinegar, and balanced with a touch of maple syrup. Then of course it’s mixed together with extra virgin olive oil to form a creamy emulsion. We’ve also added a touch of Dijon mustard to give a little more zing; it also helps with the emulsion. Add to that the dried herbs: basil, thyme, and oregano, which bring in an earthy flair.

Walle, T.; Browning, A.M.; Steed, L.L.; Reed, S.G.; Walle, U.K. Flavonoid glucosides are hydrolyzed and thus activated in the oral cavity in humans. J. Nutr. 2005, 135, 48–52. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Due to the antioxidant and biocompatibility properties of lignin, lignosulfonate MPs were successfully developed by Piombino et al. (2020) to encapsulate thymol and its derivatives as topical systems with antimicrobial properties for cosmetics through environmental friendly sonication procedures. Results showed that more than 40% of each substrate was properly encapsulated, except for 2,4-dibromothymol, showing the best encapsulation efficiencies for the mono-brominated thymol derivative (76%). To test the suitability of these systems as dermal agents, the in vitro release of the derivatives from the MPs in solutions simulating skin pH (acetate buffer at pH 5.4) were performed, showing a slow-release, especially for O-methylated compounds, that was dependent on the inherent lipophilicity of each compound. Thymol-loaded poly(lactic- co-glycolide) (PLGA) MPs have also been demonstrated to be suitable microcarriers of thymol improving thermal and storage stability and controlling thymol release ( Zhu et al., 2019). In addition, the antibacterial properties of the MPs against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus were demonstrated by the disruption of their cytoplasmic membrane, since the porous structure of the MPs enhances the permeation of thymol into bacteria. The antibacterial effect was confirmed by adding the loaded MPs into naturally contaminated milk and observing that the growth of bacteria was suppressed by thymol-loaded MPs. OEO NanoencapsulationAOAC International. Official Methods of Analysis (Method 930.15); Association of Official Analytical Chemists: Arlington, VA, USA, 1995. [ Google Scholar] Sharifi-Rad, M.; Varoni, E.M.; Iriti, M.; Martorell, M.; Setzer, W.N.; del Mar Contreras, M.; Salehi, B.; Soltani-Nejad, A.; Rajabi, S.; Tajbakhsh, M.; et al. Carvacrol and human health: A comprehensive review. Phytother. Res. 2018, 32, 1675–1687. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Madrid, Spain Matešić, N.; Jurina, T.; Benković, M.; Panić, M.; Valinger, D.; Gajdoš Kljusurić, J.; Jurinjak Tušek, A. Microwave-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Cannabis sativa L.: Optimization and kinetics study. Sep. Sci. Technol. 2021, 56, 2047–2060. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Tian, H.; Xiang, D.; Li, C. Tea polyphenols encapsulated in W/O/W emulsions with xanthan gum–locust bean gum mixture: Evaluation of their stability and protection. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021, 175, 40–48. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] [ PubMed]

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MINI REVIEW article

Shanmugam, A.; Ashokkumar, M. Ultrasonic preparation of stable flax seed oil emulsions in dairy systems—Physicochemical characterization. Food Hydrocoll. 2014, 39, 151–162. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Oregano essential oil nanoemulsions have also been reported to obtain nanocarriers with antibacterial properties. For instance, Asensio et al. (2020) prepared OEO nanoemulsions, showing that the incorporation of the oil could increase nanoemulsion stability, lower droplet size, and increase emulsion viscosity ( Asensio et al., 2020). Furthermore, nanoemulsions exhibited good antimicrobial activity by the inhibition of cell-to-cell communication of gram-negative bacteria, also known as quorum-sensing (ability to detect and respond to cell population density by gene regulation). Dávila-Rodríguez et al. (2019) prepared O/W nanoemulsions encapsulating three different EOs, cinnamon, rosemary, and OEO, using a high-frequency ultrasound technique. Results proved that nanoencapsulated EOs were more effective than free EOs since a lower amount of EO was required to provide the antibacterial effect. Moreover, OEO nanoemulsions proved to be the most effective antimicrobial systems against E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes ( Dávila-Rodríguez et al., 2019). Bağci, Y.; Kan, Y.; Doğu, S.; Çelik, S.A. The essential Oil compositions of Origanum majorana L. cultivated in Konya and collected from Mersin-Turkey. Indian J. Pharm. Educ. Res. 2017, 51, s463–s469. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] USDA Ag Data Commons. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Available online: https://data.nal.usda.gov (accessed on 19 November 2022).

Wińska, K.; Mączka, W.; Łyczko, J.; Grabarczyk, M.; Czubaszek, A.; Szumny, A. Essential Oils as Antimicrobial Agents Myth or Real Alternative? Molecules 2019, 24, 2130. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] Baranauskaite, J.; Duman, G.; Corapcioglu, G.; Baranauskas, A.; Taralp, A.; Ivanauskas, L.; Bernatoniene, J. Liposomal incorporation to improve dissolution and stability of rosmarinic acid and carvacrol extracted from Oregano (O. onites L.). BioMed Res. Intern. 2018, 2018, 6147315. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef][ Green Version] K.; Nilsson, K.; Ahlström, C.; Fridolfsson, A.; Rayner, M. Emulsifying and anti-oxidative properties of proteins extracted from industrially cold-pressed rapeseed press-cake. Foods 2020, 9, 678. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results. References Although oregano oil has been used in different cultures since ancient times, it has received special attention in the last decades due to its preservative, antimicrobial, and therapeutic characteristics. However, its bioactivity is compromised by its highly volatile and hydrophobic nature and by external environmental factors. Hence, different drug delivery systems are being explored as a strategy to increase its stability and bioavailability, protect it from the environment, control its release, and even enhance its properties. In this review, the latest research on micro- and nanocarriers encapsulating OEO focusing on biomedical and biotechnological applications revealed that carriers such as emulsions and polymeric-based systems seem to be the most appropriate ones for encapsulation of this compound. Stability has been demonstrated to be particularly important in this type of delivery system since it determines the final performance of the loaded system, and it is dependent on multiple parameters such as the composition, the fabrication method, and the storing conditions. On the contrary, the mechanism of action by which OEO exerts its activities is not deeply investigated in most of the reviewed articles, but instead, they focused on the properties and final performance of the loaded delivery system. Overall, the process of OEO encapsulation stands out as a possible alternative for the preservation of this oil against environmental conditions, increasing its stability and maintaining its bioactive properties, mainly its antioxidant and antimicrobial ones. Furthermore, design and formulation on the carrier employed to encapsulate this oil, can influence and enhance its bioactive properties and even can provide the final delivery system with additional and beneficial properties. Author Contributions

In 2011, the Journal of Medicinal Food published a study that evaluated the antibacterial activity of oregano oil against five different types of bad bacteria. After evaluating the antibacterial characteristics of oil of oregano, it showed significant antibacterial properties against all five species. The highest activity was observed against E. Coli, which suggests that oregano oil could potentially be routinely used to promote gastrointestinal health and prevent deadly food poisoning. The stability of microemulsions, MPs, and MCs encapsulating OEO has been widely investigated. In this sense, Cardoso-Ugarte et al. (2021) optimized OEO loaded water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions in terms of primary emulsion concentrations and homogenization parameters to finally assess the antifungal activity of the best system ( Cardoso-Ugarte et al., 2021). They assessed the stability of primary emulsions resulting from high-pressure and mechanical homogenization evidencing that stability, in terms of droplet size, was affected by the homogenization method of the primary emulsion. Asensio et al. (2017), for their part, studied how wall materials (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, maltodextrin, and colloidal silicon dioxide) and storage temperatures influenced the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and release kinetics of OEO compounds of spray-dried microcapsules (MCs) ( Asensio et al., 2017). The authors observed that the presence of colloidal silicon dioxide in some formulations increased the release of volatile compounds, to detriment of the antioxidant activity, in terms of radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, which was lost to a greater extent during storage. Kumar, S.; Nakka, S.; Rajabalaya, R.; Kumar, H.; Halder, T.; Palanisamy, M.; Nanda, A. Microencapsulation techniques and its practices. IJPST 2011, 6, 1–23. [ Google Scholar] Yolmeh, M.; Mahdi Jafari, S. Applications of Response Surface Methodology in the food industry processes. Food Bioprocess Techol. 2017, 10, 413–433. [ Google Scholar] [ CrossRef] Unfortunately, broad-spectrum antibiotics are very commonly prescribed, often for conditions in which they have no use, such as viral infections. In one study published in the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, researchers from the University of Utah and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention found that 60 percent of the time when physicians prescribe antibiotics they choose broad-spectrum types.