After the Coalition

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Forbes, Daniel (15 May 2000). "Gulf War crimes?". Salon Magazine. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011 . Retrieved 4 December 2005. The US administration had at first been indecisive with an "undertone ... of resignation to the invasion and even adaptation to it as a fait accompli" until the UK's prime minister Margaret Thatcher [86] played a powerful role, reminding the President that appeasement in the 1930s had led to war, that Saddam would have the whole Gulf at his mercy along with 65 percent of the world's oil supply, and famously urging President Bush "not to go wobbly". [86]

And although Saddam was captured, tried, and hanged, the country remains deeply scarred by conflict, marred by economic devastation and political upheaval, and under the sway of Iranian and American influences.Lori Robertson (2007). "Images of War". AJR. Archived from the original on 24 July 2013 . Retrieved 20 July 2007. The Wages of War: Iraqi Combatant and Noncombatant Fatalities in the 2003 Conflict". Project on Defense Alternatives . Retrieved 9 May 2009. Main article: 1991 Iraqi uprisings Civilians and coalition military forces wave Kuwaiti and Saudi Arabian flags as they celebrate the retreat of Iraqi forces from Kuwait. Main article: Depleted uranium §Health considerations Approximate area and major clashes in which DU rounds were used

Cooper, Tom; Sadik, Ahmad (6 August 2007). "Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait; 1990". Air Combat Information Group Journal. Archived from the original on 6 July 2013 . Retrieved 27 October 2016. The Use of Terror During Iraq's Invasion of Kuwait". 22 August 2007. Archived from the original on 20 September 2016 . Retrieved 2 May 2016. DOD: Information Paper- Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles". Iraqwatch.org. Archived from the original on 14 May 2011 . Retrieved 18 March 2010. Main article: Highway of Death Destroyed Iraqi civilian and military vehicles on the Highway of Death a b "The Gulf War and "European Artillery" – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army". 20 January 2015.

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In one noted incident, two USAF stealth planes bombed a bunker in Amiriyah, causing the deaths of 408 Iraqi civilians in the shelter. [254] Scenes of burned and mutilated bodies were subsequently broadcast, and controversy arose over the bunker's status, with some stating that it was a civilian shelter, while others contended that it was a center of Iraqi military operations, and that the civilians had been deliberately moved there to act as human shields. [ citation needed] The failure of successive governments to strike an accord with Iraq’s Sunni population and the presence of corrupt and ineffective state institutions were key factors in the rise of sectarian violence across the country. Sunni rebellions intensified in Anbar and Fallujah as violence by followers of Shia religious leader Muqtada al-Sadr surged in the south.

Jayhawk Goes to War: VII Corps in Operation DESERT STORM – The Campaign for the National Museum of the United States Army". Armyhistory.org . Retrieved 20 November 2021. Niksch, Larry A; Sutter, Robert G (23 May 1991). "Japan's Response to the Persian Gulf Crisis: Implications for U.S.-Japan Relations". Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress . Retrieved 4 December 2005. Three weeks later, on April 9, US troops seized Baghdad. Together with Iraqi civilians, they toppled a statue of Saddam in Baghdad’s Firdos Square – a historic moment that became symbolic of US victory as it made headlines global. Two BBC journalists, John Simpson and Bob Simpson (no relation), defied their editors and remained in Baghdad to report on the war's progress. They were responsible for a report which included an "infamous cruise missile that travelled down a street and turned left at a traffic light." [340] DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2019 . Retrieved 18 December 2018.Operation Desert Shield was the US operational name for the US buildup of forces and Saudi Arabia's defense from 2 August 1990, to 16 January 1991 [ citation needed] While the system gave political and economic power to parties that came to dominate Iraqi politics post-2003, one of the major ills of the muhasasa system was how it deepened sectarian divisions, which continue to reverberate through Iraq and the region until today. Hindin R.; etal. (2005). "Teratogenicity of depleted uranium aerosols: A review from an epidemiological perspective". Environmental Health. 4 (1): 17. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-4-17. PMC 1242351. PMID 16124873.