Chrysanthemum Manual of the National Chrysanthemum Society

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Takatsu Y, Nishizawa Y, Hibi T, Akutsu K (1999) Transgenic chrysanthemum ( Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitamura) expressing a rice chitinase gene shows enhanced resistance to gray mold ( Botrytis cinerea). Sci Hortic 82:113–123 The Chrysanthemum flower originates from China and was originally used for herbal tea, says Richard Williams, treasurer of the National Chrysanthemum Society of South Africa. There are different species and cultivars of chrysanthemums, according to Williams. “In most cases [for growing] we used the old English cultivars. These days with the men bringing in new flowers, we use Japanese cultivars and Chinese cultivars,” he says. PHOTOS: Supplied/Richard Williams

Zagorski JS, Ascher PD, Widmer RE (1983) Multigenic self incompatibility in hexaploid Chrysanthemum. Euphytica 32:1–7 Chrysanthemum growers are serious about their craft because they are usually very experienced and knowledgeable, says Williams.These chrysanthemums either look like an artist's paint brush or a thistle. In the brush form the fine, tubular florets grow in an upright fashion, while in the thistle form the florets twist all around the stem or fan out in a horizontal manner. Class 13 - Unusual

Nazeer MA (1981) Karyological studies in two species of Chrysanthemum L. Cell Chrom Newslett 4(2):33–35 Additional information Longwood Gardens. This large display features cascades, arches, single stem and thousand bloom plants. Video of installation of a 1,000 bloom plant: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=UUHMP1vVm6vrp4PVDb7fZ_Jw&time_continue=24&v=sWTA32DdDlU&feature=emb_logo Buffalo and Erie County Botanical Gardens, 2655 South Park Avenue, Buffalo NY 14218-1526, Additional information at Buffalo Gardens. No Chrysanthemum Show planned for 2023.

the saleroom

The National Chrysanthemum Society of South Africa (NCSSA) was founded in 2003, according to Richard Williams, treasurer of the NCSSA. Though the club initially only had members from the Western Cape, they hoped that other provinces would also participate in competitive chrysanthemum growing, he says. PHOTO: Joel Ontong Chatterjee J, Mandal AK, Ranade SA, Datta SK (2005) Estimation of genetic diversity of four Chrysanthemum mini cultivars using RAPD. Pak J Biol Sci 8(4):546–549

Miyazaki S, Tashiro Y, Kanazawa K, Takeshita A, Oshima T (1982) On the flower characteristics and the chromosome numbers of Higo chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.). Bull Fac Agric Saga Univ 52:1–11 Hemsley WB (1889) The history of the chrysanthemum: the principle modifications of the chrysanthemum. Gardeners Chronicle 6:586–587 Kofranek AM (1980) In: Larson RA (ed) Cut Chrysanthemum: introduction to floriculture. Academic, pp 5–43Kawase K, Tsukamoto Y (1977) Studies on breeding in chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat I. Self-fertility (In Jap.). J Jpn Soc Hortic Sci 46:101–112 Today, after becoming the largest breeder and propagator of the second most popular flower in America, next to the rose, Aris and the city of Barberton host the Barberton Mum Festival annually in September. It is the second largest display of the flower outside of Japan. Ledger SE, Deroles SC, Given NK (1991) Regeneration and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of chrysanthemum. Plant Cell Rep 10:195–199 In this category the florets curve downward. The tops of the bloom have a somewhat flattened appearance when they are fully open. Some people describe the flowers as having a mop-like appearance. Others say that the way the florets tend to overlap make the flower look like plumage on a bird. These flowers are not as large as Irregular Incurve but they can still span 4 to 6 inches in diameter. Class 3- Regular Incurve

Wolff K, Rijn PV, Hofstra H (1994) RFLP analysis in chrysanthemum probe and primer development. Theor Appl Genet 88(3–4):472–478. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00223663 Mentoor has won numerous flower shows and speaks from 57 years of experience, he says. However, he was not always the ‘king of chrysanthemums’, he says. To earn the title, he had to learn from his mistakes. These towns have societies dedicated to growing the best chrysanthemums, which are then displayed at annual flower shows and judged according to certain criteria, says Williams. Lots marked ‘x’ in dark blue are subject to importation duty of 5% on the hammer price unless exported outside the EU. New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, New York 10458-5126. Their 2023 Chrysanthemum Show will be held from October 28 through November 12, 2023. The word “kiku” means “chrysanthemum” in Japanese, and the title for this show is “Kiku: Spotlight on Tradition”. Additional information at https://www.nybg.org/about/press-room/image-listing/exhibitions/kiku-the-art-of-the-japanese-garden/ Bellingrath Gardens and Home, 12401 Bellingrath Gardens Road, Theodore AL 36582, November 1 through November 30, 2023. Additional information at Bellingrath Gardens. This display features cascades, baskets and container grown mums. It bills itself as the largest outdoor chrysanthemum display in the country. https://bellingrath.org/cascading-mums/Watanabe K (1983) Studies on the control of diploid-like meiosis in polyploid taxa of Chrysanthemum. IV. Colchiploids and the process of cytogenetical diploidization. Theor Appl Genet 66:9–14 Luthy Botanical Garden, 2520 North Prospect Road, Peoria, IL. Additional information Peoria Gardens. Search Luthy. Their 2022 mum show will run from October 13 through November 5, 2023. https://peoriaparks.org/places/luthy/ Phipps Conservatory and Botanical Gardens, 1 Schenley Drive, Pittsburgh PA 15213-3830. Fall Flower show is from October 7 through 29, 20232. Additional information at /”>https://www.phipps.conservatory.org/calendar/detail/fall-flower-show/ Phipps Conservatory staged their first chrysanthemum display in 1894. It now features dramatic cascades, giant disbuds and other exotic forms. Before the National Chrysanthemum Society of South Africa was founded, different chrysanthemum societies in the Western Cape had different rules and criteria for judging flowers, says Richard Williams, treasurer of the National Chrysanthemum Society of South Africa. The national society ensured consistency across different societies, he says. AUDIO: Joel Ontong Chittenden FJ (1951) The Royal Horticultural Society. Dictionary of gardening. A practical and scientific cytopedia of Horticulture, Assisted by specialist vol 1, A-Co., Oxford, at the Clarenden Press