Spear & Jackson - 34cm Cordless Rotary Lawnmower - 24V

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In the pre-Marian Roman armies, the first two lines of battle, the hastati and principes, often fought with a sword called a gladius and pila, heavy javelins that were specifically designed to be thrown at an enemy to pierce and foul a target's shield. Originally the principes were armed with a short spear called a hasta, but these gradually fell out of use, eventually being replaced by the gladius. The third line, the triarii, continued to use the hasta. Thieme, Hartmut (1997-02-27). "Lower Palaeolithic hunting spears from Germany". Nature. 385 (6619): 807–810. Bibcode: 1997Natur.385..807T. doi: 10.1038/385807a0. PMID 9039910. S2CID 4283393 . Retrieved 2017-01-09. Precolumbian Mesoamerican Warfare". www.precolumbianweapons.com. Archived from the original on 4 February 2008 . Retrieved 17 January 2022. A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities (1890), William Smith, LLD, William Wayte, G. E. Marindin, Ed., Hasta

Subrahmanian, N. (1996). Śaṅgam polity: the administration and social life of the Śaṅgam Tamils. Ennes. Our new online dictionaries for schools provide a safe and appropriate environment for children. And best of all it's ad free, so sign up now and start using at home or in the classroom. The Arab presence in Sindh and the Mameluks of Delhi introduced the Middle Eastern javelin into India.Bishop, M.C.; Coulston, J.C. (1989). Roman Military Equipment. Princes Risborough: Shire Publications. ISBN 978-0-7478-0005-7.

Find sources: "Spear"– news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( October 2022) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Green Dragon Crescent Blade, a guan dao wielded by General Guan Yu in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Richter, Daniel; Krbetschek, Matthias (December 2015). "The age of the Lower Paleolithic occupation at Schöningen". Journal of Human Evolution. 89: 46–56. doi: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2015.06.003. PMID 26212768.The term spear is also used (in a somewhat archaic manner) to describe the male line of a family, as opposed to the distaff or female line. Arnold, Thomas (2001). The Renaissance at War. London: Cassel & Co. pp.60–72. ISBN 978-0-304-35270-8. From circa 200,000 BC onwards, Middle Paleolithic humans began to make complex stone blades with flaked edges which were used as spear heads. These stone heads could be fixed to the spear shaft by gum or resin or by bindings made of animal sinew, leather strips or vegetable matter. During this period, a clear difference remained between spears designed to be thrown and those designed to be used in hand-to-hand combat. By the Magdalenian period (c. 15,000–9500 BC), spear-throwers similar to the later atlatl were in use. [10] Military [ edit ] Sumerian spearmen advancing in close formation with large shields – Stele of the Vultures, c. 2450 BC Europe [ edit ] Classical antiquity [ edit ] Ancient Greeks [ edit ] Athenian warrior wielding a spear in battle Sikh Nihangs sometimes carry a spear even today. Spears were used in conflicts and training by armed paramilitary units such as the razakars of Nizams of Hyderabad State as late as the second half of the 20th century.

As advanced metallurgy was largely unknown in pre-Columbian America outside of Western Mexico and South America, most weapons in Meso-America were made of wood or obsidian. This did not mean that they were less lethal, as obsidian may be sharpened to become many times sharper than steel. [50] Meso-American spears varied greatly in shape and size. While the Aztecs preferred the sword-like macuahuitl clubs for fighting, [51] the advantage of a far-reaching thrusting weapon was recognised, and a large portion of the army would carry the tepoztopilli into battle. [52] The tepoztopilli was a polearm, and to judge from depictions in various Aztec codices, it was roughly the height of a man, with a broad wooden head about twice the length of the users' palm or shorter, edged with razor-sharp obsidian blades which were deeply set in grooves carved into the head, and cemented in place with bitumen or plant resin as an adhesive. The tepoztopilli was able both to thrust and slash effectively.

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Spear hunting fell out of favour in most of Europe in the 18th century, but continued in Germany, enjoying a revival in the 1930s. [57] Spear hunting is still practiced in the United States. [58] Animals taken are primarily wild boar and deer, although trophy animals as large as Cape Buffalo have been hunted with spears. Alligators are hunted in Florida with a type of harpoon. Pruetz, Jill D.; Bertolani, Paco (2007). "Savanna Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, Hunt with Tools". Current Biology. 17 (5): 412–417. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.042. PMID 17320393. S2CID 16551874. This week we are looking at two words which may be confused by learners of English: scarce and scarcely. Improve your English with Collins. Allington-Jones, Lu (2015-07-03). "The Clacton Spear: The Last One Hundred Years". Archaeological Journal. 172 (2): 273–296. doi: 10.1080/00665983.2015.1008839. hdl: 10141/622351. ISSN 0066-5983. S2CID 161451845. The various types of the assegai (a light spear or javelin made of wood and pointed with iron or fire-hardened tip) were used throughout Africa and it was the most common weapon used before the introduction of firearms. The Zulu, Xhosa and other Nguni tribes of South Africa were renowned for their use of the assegai.